> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics.md).

# PART 1 - Founding fathers of geopolitics

- [Chapter 1 - Friedrich Ratzel. States as spatial organisms](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-1-friedrich-ratzel.-states-as-spatial-organisms.md)
- [Chapter 2 - Rudolph Challen and Friedrich Naumann "Central Europe"](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-2-rudolph-challen-and-friedrich-naumann-central-europe.md)
- [Chapter 3 - Halford Mackinder "The Geographical Axis of History"](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-3-halford-mackinder-the-geographical-axis-of-history.md)
- [Chapter 4 - Alfred Mahan "Sea Power"](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-4-alfred-mahan-sea-power.md)
- [Chapter 5 - Vidal de la Blach "France versus Germany"](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-5-vidal-de-la-blach-france-versus-germany.md)
- [Chapter 6 - Nicholas Spikman "Mackinder Revision, rimland centrality"](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-6-nicholas-spikman-mackinder-revision-rimland-centrality.md)
- [Chapter 7 - Karl Haushofer "Continental Block"](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-7-karl-haushofer-continental-block.md)
- [Chapter 8 - Karl Schmitt "Behemoth versus Leviathan"](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-8-karl-schmitt-hippopotamus-versus-leviathan.md)
- [Chapter 9 - Peter Nikolaevich Savitsky "Eurasia Middle Earth"](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-9-peter-nikolaevich-savitsky-eurasia-middle-earth.md)
- [Chapter 10 - Geopolitics as an instrument of national policy](https://agdugintranslate.gitbook.io/foundations-of-geopolitics/part-1-founding-founders-of-geopolitics/chapter-10-geopolitics-as-an-instrument-of-national-policy.md)